Saturday, October 22, 2005
Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries
From: Richard Hake
To: AERA-GSL - Graduate Studies Discussion Forum
"Human Events Online" <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humaneventsonline.com%2F> - "The National Conservative Weekly - Since 1944" recently published an article titled "TEN MOST HARMFUL BOOKS OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES." The article is online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humaneventsonline.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D7591> and also in the APPENDIX of Hake (2005a).
The introduction reads:
HUMAN EVENTS asked a panel of 15 conservative scholars. . .[for their names, associations, and a relevant URL for each, see the APPENDIX #2]. . . and public policy leaders to help us compile a list of the Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Each panelist nominated a number of titles and then voted on a ballot including all books nominated. A title received a score of 10 points for being listed No. 1 by one of our panelists, 9 points for being listed No. 2, etc. Appropriately, The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, earned the highest aggregate score. . . [74]. . . and the No. 1 listing.
Why should education-discussion-list subscribers be interested in what certain conservative scholars have to say about the most harmful books of the 19th and 20th centuries?
THREE REASONS:
1. The 15 conservative scholar judges appointed by "Human Events" rated Dewey's (1916) "Education and Democracy" with a score of 36 as the 5th most harmful book of the 19th and 20th centuries, and summarized it as follows: "DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION Author: John Dewey Publication date: 1916 Score: 36 Summary: John Dewey, who lived from 1859 until 1952, was a 'progressive' philosopher and leading advocate for secular humanism in American life, who taught at the University of Chicago and at Columbia. He signed the 'Humanist Manifesto'. . .[a 2003 version of the 'Humanist Manifesto' (AHA, 2003) was signed by 21 Nobel Laureates]. . . ; and rejected traditional religion and moral absolutes. In 'Democracy and Education,' in pompous and opaque prose, he disparaged schooling that focused on traditional character development and endowing children with hard knowledge, and encouraged the teaching of thinking 'skills' instead. His views had great influence on the direction of American education - particularly in public schools - and helped nurture the Clinton generation." It should be noted that Dewey's educational ideas are in consonance with the thinking of most current science-education researchers - see e.g. Ansbacher (2000).
2. Aside from Dewey's (1916) "Education and Democracy," the judges rated the books listed in APPENDIX #1 - some of them of important educational and environmental significance - as among the "most harmful books of the 19th and 20th centuries."
3. As incisively expressed by Professor Charles Eberly (2005): ". . . Remember the comment that Marlon Brando's Godfather character made to the effect that 'one should keep their friends close, but their enemies closer'? The 'names' on the list of Judges . . . [APPENDIX #2] . . . are those of well positioned strident conservatives even if their collective reasoning is divergent from what many on this list would consider 'conventional wisdom'. If we are to counter these strident voices, then we are charged to know their arguments better than they know them. Such 'preparation for debate' is a fundamental element of gaining the public's imagination."
Richard Hake, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Indiana University
24245 Hatteras Street, Woodland Hills, CA 91367
rrhake@earthlink.net
<http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~hake>
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.indiana.edu%2F%7Esdi>
"And it ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain of success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. Because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new. This coolness arises partly from fear of the opponents, who have the laws on their side, and partly from the incredulity of men, who do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience with them.
Thus it happens that whenever those who are hostile have the opportunity to attack they do it like partisans, whilst the others defend lukewarmly....
Machiavelli ("The Prince," 1513)
REFERENCES
AHA. 2003. American Humanist Association, "HUMANISM AND ITS ASPIRATIONS: Humanist Manifesto III," a successor to the original Humanist Manifesto of 1933; online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2F3%2FHumandItsAspirations.php>." The list of signatories (click on "Original Signatories") includes 21 Nobel Laureates: Philip W. Anderson (Physics, 1977); Paul D. Boyer (Chemistry, 1997); Owen Chamberlain (Physics, 1959); Francis Crick (Medicine, 1962); Paul J. Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995); Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (Physics, 1991); Johann Deisenhofer (Chemistry, 1988); Jerome I. Friedman (Physics, 1990); Sheldon Glashow (Physics, 1979); Herbert A. Hauptman (Chemistry, 1985); Dudley Herschbach (Chemistry, 1986); Harold W. Kroto (Chemistry, 1996); Yuan T. Lee (Chemistry, 1986); Mario J. Molina (Chemistry, 1995); Erwin Neher (Medicine, 1991); Ilya Prigogine (Chemistry, 1977); Richard J. Roberts (Medicine, 1993); John E. Sulston (Medicine, 2002); Henry Taube (Chemistry, 1983); E. Donnall Thomas (Medicine, 1990); James Dewey Watson (Medicine, 1962).
Ansbacher, T. 2000. "An interview with John Dewey on science education." The Physics Teacher 38(4): 224-227; freely online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceservs.com%2Fid13.html> as a 1.3 MB pdf. A thoughtful and well-researched treatment showing the consonance of Dewey's educational ideas (as quoted straight from Dewey's own writings, not from the accounts of sometimes confused Dewey interpreters) with the thinking of most current science-education researchers. Ansbacher's valuable web site is at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceservs.com>.
Dewey, J. 1916. "Education and Democracy," according to Amazon.com <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2F0486433994%2F104-3108283-4762347%3Fv%3Dglance%26n%3D283155%26s%3Dbooks%26v%3Dglance> a paperback 2004 version has been published by Dover.
Eberly, C.G. 2005. "Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article/ideological bunk," AERA-GSL post of 21 Oct 2005 14:57:00-0500; online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flists.asu.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Daera-gsl%26T%3D0%26O%3DD%26X%3D4927DE5D1B2D7531DB%26Y%3Drrhake%2540earthlink.net%26P%3D3834>
Hake, R.R. 2005a. "Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article: Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries," online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flistserv.nd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Dpod%26O%3DD%26P%3D14368>. Post of 20 Oct 2005 16:55:42-0700 to American-Philosophy, Dewey-L, Math-Learn, PhysLrnR, POD, TeachingEdPsych, TIPS; latter sent to AERA-C, AERA-GSL, AERA-J, AERA-L; and then to Biopi-L, Chemed-L, Physoc, and (in corrected form - see Hake (2005b) to Phys-L.
Hake, R.R. 2005b. Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article: Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Correction," online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flistserv.nd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Dpod%26O%3DD%26P%3D15571>. Post of 21 Oct 2005 13:32:50 -0700 to American-Philosophy, Dewey-L, Math-Learn, PhysLrnR, POD, TeachingEdPsych, TIPS; latter sent to AERA-C, AERA-GSL, AERA-J, AERA-L; and then to Biopi-L, Chemed-L, and Physoc.
APPENDIX #1
AMONG THE TOP 10 (in order of the judge's rating)
5. DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION [See above]
7. THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
Author: Betty Friedan
Publication date: 1963
Score: 30
Summary: In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan, born in 1921, disparaged traditional stay-at-home motherhood as life in "a comfortable concentration camp"--a role that degraded women and denied them true fulfillment in life. She later became founding president of the National Organization for Women. Her original vocation, tellingly, was not stay-at-home motherhood but left-wing journalism. As David Horowitz wrote in a review for Salon.com of Betty Friedan and the Making of the Feminine Mystique by Daniel Horowitz (no relation to David): The author documents that "Friedan was from her college days, and until her mid-30s, a Stalinist Marxist, the political intimate of the leaders of America's Cold War fifth column and for a time even the lover of a young Communist physicist working on atomic bomb projects in Berkeley's radiation lab with J. Robert Oppenheimer."
8. THE COURSE OF POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY
Author: Auguste Comte
Publication date: 1830-1842
Score: 28
Summary: Comte, the product of a royalist Catholic family that survived the French Revolution, turned his back on his political and cultural heritage, announcing as a teenager, "I have naturally ceased to believe in God." Later, in the six volumes of The Course of Positive Philosophy, he coined the term "sociology." He did so while theorizing that the human mind had developed beyond "theology" (a belief that there is a God who governs the universe), through "metaphysics" (in this case defined as the French revolutionaries' reliance on abstract assertions of "rights" without a God), to "positivism," in which man alone, through scientific observation, could determine the way things ought to be.
10. GENERAL THEORY OF EMPLOYMENT, INTEREST AND MONEY
Author: John Maynard Keynes
Publication date: 1936
Score: 23
Summary: Keynes was a member of the British elite--educated at Eton and Cambridge--who as a liberal Cambridge economics professor wrote General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in the midst of the Great Depression. The book is a recipe for ever-expanding government. When the business cycle threatens a contraction of industry, and thus of jobs, he argued, the government should run up deficits, borrowing and spending money to spur economic activity. FDR adopted the idea as U.S. policy, and the U.S. government now has a $2.6-trillion annual budget and an $8-trillion dollar debt.
HONORABLE MENTION (in order of the judge's rating)
These books won votes from two or more judges:
The Population Bomb
by Paul Ehrlich
Score: 22
On Liberty
by John Stuart Mill
Score: 18
The Origin of Species
by Charles Darwin
Score: 17
Coming of Age in Samoa
by Margaret Mead
Score: 11
Unsafe at Any Speed
by Ralph Nader
Score: 11
Second Sex
by Simone de Beauvoir
Score: 10
Silent Spring
by Rachel Carson
Score: 9
The Greening of America
by Charles Reich
Score: 9
The Limits to Growth
by Club of Rome
Score: 4
Descent of Man
by Charles Darwin
Score: 2
APPENDIX #2
THE JUDGES [URL's courtesy R.R. Hake and Google]
These 15 scholars and public policy leaders served as judges in selecting the Ten Most Harmful Books.
Arnold Beichman
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-hoover.stanford.edu%2Fbios%2Fbeichman.html>
Research Fellow Hoover Institution
Prof. Brad Birzer
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidea.org%2Fspeakers%2Fbirzer%2F>
Hillsdale College
Harry Crocker
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fscript%2Fprintpage.p%3Fref%3D%2Finterrogatory%2Finterrogatory032902.asp>
Vice President & Executive Editor Regnery Publishing, Inc.
Prof. Marshall DeRosa
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fau.edu%2Fpolsci%2Ffaculty%2Fap.htm>
Florida Atlantic University
Dr. Don Devine
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservative.org%2Fcolumnists%2Fdevine.asp>
Second Vice Chairman American Conservative Union
Prof. Robert George
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebdb.princeton.edu%2Fdbtoolbox%2Fquery.asp%3Fqname%3DvWebPage%26NetID%3Drgeorge>
Princeton University
Prof. Paul Gottfried
<http://www2.etown.edu/polysci/facultyandStaff/Gottfried/homepage.htm>
Elizabethtown College
Prof. William Anthony Hay
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msstate.edu%2Fdept%2Fhistory%2Fwhay.htm>
Mississippi State University
Herb London
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaf.org%2Fspeakers%2Fherb_london.html>
President Hudson Institute
Prof. Mark Malvasi
<http://www.yorktownuniversity.com/faculty/malvasi.html>
Randolph-Macon College
Douglas Minson
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frc.org%2Fget.cfm%3Fi%3DBY03E197>
Associate Rector The Witherspoon Fellowships
Prof. Mark Molesky
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Foldestenemy.com%2Fauthors.html>
Seton Hall University
Prof. Stephen Presser
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.northwestern.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ffulltime%2FPresser%2FPresser.html>
Northwestern University
Phyllis Schlafly
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eagleforum.org%2Fmisc%2Fbio.html>
President Eagle Forum
Fred Smith
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cei.org%2Fdyn%2Fview_Expert.cfm%3FExpert%3D32>
President Competitive Enterprise Institute
AERA-GSL AERA Graduate Studies Forum
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To: AERA-GSL - Graduate Studies Discussion Forum
"Human Events Online" <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humaneventsonline.com%2F> - "The National Conservative Weekly - Since 1944" recently published an article titled "TEN MOST HARMFUL BOOKS OF THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES." The article is online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humaneventsonline.com%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D7591> and also in the APPENDIX of Hake (2005a).
The introduction reads:
HUMAN EVENTS asked a panel of 15 conservative scholars. . .[for their names, associations, and a relevant URL for each, see the APPENDIX #2]. . . and public policy leaders to help us compile a list of the Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Each panelist nominated a number of titles and then voted on a ballot including all books nominated. A title received a score of 10 points for being listed No. 1 by one of our panelists, 9 points for being listed No. 2, etc. Appropriately, The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, earned the highest aggregate score. . . [74]. . . and the No. 1 listing.
Why should education-discussion-list subscribers be interested in what certain conservative scholars have to say about the most harmful books of the 19th and 20th centuries?
THREE REASONS:
1. The 15 conservative scholar judges appointed by "Human Events" rated Dewey's (1916) "Education and Democracy" with a score of 36 as the 5th most harmful book of the 19th and 20th centuries, and summarized it as follows: "DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION Author: John Dewey Publication date: 1916 Score: 36 Summary: John Dewey, who lived from 1859 until 1952, was a 'progressive' philosopher and leading advocate for secular humanism in American life, who taught at the University of Chicago and at Columbia. He signed the 'Humanist Manifesto'. . .[a 2003 version of the 'Humanist Manifesto' (AHA, 2003) was signed by 21 Nobel Laureates]. . . ; and rejected traditional religion and moral absolutes. In 'Democracy and Education,' in pompous and opaque prose, he disparaged schooling that focused on traditional character development and endowing children with hard knowledge, and encouraged the teaching of thinking 'skills' instead. His views had great influence on the direction of American education - particularly in public schools - and helped nurture the Clinton generation." It should be noted that Dewey's educational ideas are in consonance with the thinking of most current science-education researchers - see e.g. Ansbacher (2000).
2. Aside from Dewey's (1916) "Education and Democracy," the judges rated the books listed in APPENDIX #1 - some of them of important educational and environmental significance - as among the "most harmful books of the 19th and 20th centuries."
3. As incisively expressed by Professor Charles Eberly (2005): ". . . Remember the comment that Marlon Brando's Godfather character made to the effect that 'one should keep their friends close, but their enemies closer'? The 'names' on the list of Judges . . . [APPENDIX #2] . . . are those of well positioned strident conservatives even if their collective reasoning is divergent from what many on this list would consider 'conventional wisdom'. If we are to counter these strident voices, then we are charged to know their arguments better than they know them. Such 'preparation for debate' is a fundamental element of gaining the public's imagination."
Richard Hake, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Indiana University
24245 Hatteras Street, Woodland Hills, CA 91367
rrhake@earthlink.net
<http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~hake>
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.indiana.edu%2F%7Esdi>
"And it ought to be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain of success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things. Because the innovator has for enemies all those who have done well under the old conditions, and lukewarm defenders in those who may do well under the new. This coolness arises partly from fear of the opponents, who have the laws on their side, and partly from the incredulity of men, who do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience with them.
Thus it happens that whenever those who are hostile have the opportunity to attack they do it like partisans, whilst the others defend lukewarmly....
Machiavelli ("The Prince," 1513)
REFERENCES
AHA. 2003. American Humanist Association, "HUMANISM AND ITS ASPIRATIONS: Humanist Manifesto III," a successor to the original Humanist Manifesto of 1933; online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2F3%2FHumandItsAspirations.php>." The list of signatories (click on "Original Signatories") includes 21 Nobel Laureates: Philip W. Anderson (Physics, 1977); Paul D. Boyer (Chemistry, 1997); Owen Chamberlain (Physics, 1959); Francis Crick (Medicine, 1962); Paul J. Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995); Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (Physics, 1991); Johann Deisenhofer (Chemistry, 1988); Jerome I. Friedman (Physics, 1990); Sheldon Glashow (Physics, 1979); Herbert A. Hauptman (Chemistry, 1985); Dudley Herschbach (Chemistry, 1986); Harold W. Kroto (Chemistry, 1996); Yuan T. Lee (Chemistry, 1986); Mario J. Molina (Chemistry, 1995); Erwin Neher (Medicine, 1991); Ilya Prigogine (Chemistry, 1977); Richard J. Roberts (Medicine, 1993); John E. Sulston (Medicine, 2002); Henry Taube (Chemistry, 1983); E. Donnall Thomas (Medicine, 1990); James Dewey Watson (Medicine, 1962).
Ansbacher, T. 2000. "An interview with John Dewey on science education." The Physics Teacher 38(4): 224-227; freely online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceservs.com%2Fid13.html> as a 1.3 MB pdf. A thoughtful and well-researched treatment showing the consonance of Dewey's educational ideas (as quoted straight from Dewey's own writings, not from the accounts of sometimes confused Dewey interpreters) with the thinking of most current science-education researchers. Ansbacher's valuable web site is at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceservs.com>.
Dewey, J. 1916. "Education and Democracy," according to Amazon.com <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2F0486433994%2F104-3108283-4762347%3Fv%3Dglance%26n%3D283155%26s%3Dbooks%26v%3Dglance> a paperback 2004 version has been published by Dover.
Eberly, C.G. 2005. "Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article/ideological bunk," AERA-GSL post of 21 Oct 2005 14:57:00-0500; online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flists.asu.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Daera-gsl%26T%3D0%26O%3DD%26X%3D4927DE5D1B2D7531DB%26Y%3Drrhake%2540earthlink.net%26P%3D3834>
Hake, R.R. 2005a. "Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article: Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries," online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flistserv.nd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Dpod%26O%3DD%26P%3D14368>. Post of 20 Oct 2005 16:55:42-0700 to American-Philosophy, Dewey-L, Math-Learn, PhysLrnR, POD, TeachingEdPsych, TIPS; latter sent to AERA-C, AERA-GSL, AERA-J, AERA-L; and then to Biopi-L, Chemed-L, Physoc, and (in corrected form - see Hake (2005b) to Phys-L.
Hake, R.R. 2005b. Re: HUMAN EVENTS Article: Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries - Correction," online at <https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Flistserv.nd.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwa%3FA2%3Dind0510%26L%3Dpod%26O%3DD%26P%3D15571>. Post of 21 Oct 2005 13:32:50 -0700 to American-Philosophy, Dewey-L, Math-Learn, PhysLrnR, POD, TeachingEdPsych, TIPS; latter sent to AERA-C, AERA-GSL, AERA-J, AERA-L; and then to Biopi-L, Chemed-L, and Physoc.
APPENDIX #1
AMONG THE TOP 10 (in order of the judge's rating)
5. DEMOCRACY AND EDUCATION [See above]
7. THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
Author: Betty Friedan
Publication date: 1963
Score: 30
Summary: In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan, born in 1921, disparaged traditional stay-at-home motherhood as life in "a comfortable concentration camp"--a role that degraded women and denied them true fulfillment in life. She later became founding president of the National Organization for Women. Her original vocation, tellingly, was not stay-at-home motherhood but left-wing journalism. As David Horowitz wrote in a review for Salon.com of Betty Friedan and the Making of the Feminine Mystique by Daniel Horowitz (no relation to David): The author documents that "Friedan was from her college days, and until her mid-30s, a Stalinist Marxist, the political intimate of the leaders of America's Cold War fifth column and for a time even the lover of a young Communist physicist working on atomic bomb projects in Berkeley's radiation lab with J. Robert Oppenheimer."
8. THE COURSE OF POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY
Author: Auguste Comte
Publication date: 1830-1842
Score: 28
Summary: Comte, the product of a royalist Catholic family that survived the French Revolution, turned his back on his political and cultural heritage, announcing as a teenager, "I have naturally ceased to believe in God." Later, in the six volumes of The Course of Positive Philosophy, he coined the term "sociology." He did so while theorizing that the human mind had developed beyond "theology" (a belief that there is a God who governs the universe), through "metaphysics" (in this case defined as the French revolutionaries' reliance on abstract assertions of "rights" without a God), to "positivism," in which man alone, through scientific observation, could determine the way things ought to be.
10. GENERAL THEORY OF EMPLOYMENT, INTEREST AND MONEY
Author: John Maynard Keynes
Publication date: 1936
Score: 23
Summary: Keynes was a member of the British elite--educated at Eton and Cambridge--who as a liberal Cambridge economics professor wrote General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in the midst of the Great Depression. The book is a recipe for ever-expanding government. When the business cycle threatens a contraction of industry, and thus of jobs, he argued, the government should run up deficits, borrowing and spending money to spur economic activity. FDR adopted the idea as U.S. policy, and the U.S. government now has a $2.6-trillion annual budget and an $8-trillion dollar debt.
HONORABLE MENTION (in order of the judge's rating)
These books won votes from two or more judges:
The Population Bomb
by Paul Ehrlich
Score: 22
On Liberty
by John Stuart Mill
Score: 18
The Origin of Species
by Charles Darwin
Score: 17
Coming of Age in Samoa
by Margaret Mead
Score: 11
Unsafe at Any Speed
by Ralph Nader
Score: 11
Second Sex
by Simone de Beauvoir
Score: 10
Silent Spring
by Rachel Carson
Score: 9
The Greening of America
by Charles Reich
Score: 9
The Limits to Growth
by Club of Rome
Score: 4
Descent of Man
by Charles Darwin
Score: 2
APPENDIX #2
THE JUDGES [URL's courtesy R.R. Hake and Google]
These 15 scholars and public policy leaders served as judges in selecting the Ten Most Harmful Books.
Arnold Beichman
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-hoover.stanford.edu%2Fbios%2Fbeichman.html>
Research Fellow Hoover Institution
Prof. Brad Birzer
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanidea.org%2Fspeakers%2Fbirzer%2F>
Hillsdale College
Harry Crocker
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fscript%2Fprintpage.p%3Fref%3D%2Finterrogatory%2Finterrogatory032902.asp>
Vice President & Executive Editor Regnery Publishing, Inc.
Prof. Marshall DeRosa
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fau.edu%2Fpolsci%2Ffaculty%2Fap.htm>
Florida Atlantic University
Dr. Don Devine
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservative.org%2Fcolumnists%2Fdevine.asp>
Second Vice Chairman American Conservative Union
Prof. Robert George
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwebdb.princeton.edu%2Fdbtoolbox%2Fquery.asp%3Fqname%3DvWebPage%26NetID%3Drgeorge>
Princeton University
Prof. Paul Gottfried
<http://www2.etown.edu/polysci/facultyandStaff/Gottfried/homepage.htm>
Elizabethtown College
Prof. William Anthony Hay
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msstate.edu%2Fdept%2Fhistory%2Fwhay.htm>
Mississippi State University
Herb London
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yaf.org%2Fspeakers%2Fherb_london.html>
President Hudson Institute
Prof. Mark Malvasi
<http://www.yorktownuniversity.com/faculty/malvasi.html>
Randolph-Macon College
Douglas Minson
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frc.org%2Fget.cfm%3Fi%3DBY03E197>
Associate Rector The Witherspoon Fellowships
Prof. Mark Molesky
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Foldestenemy.com%2Fauthors.html>
Seton Hall University
Prof. Stephen Presser
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.northwestern.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ffulltime%2FPresser%2FPresser.html>
Northwestern University
Phyllis Schlafly
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eagleforum.org%2Fmisc%2Fbio.html>
President Eagle Forum
Fred Smith
<https://punts1.cc.uga.edu/cgi-bin/fetch.cgi?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cei.org%2Fdyn%2Fview_Expert.cfm%3FExpert%3D32>
President Competitive Enterprise Institute
AERA-GSL AERA Graduate Studies Forum
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